Preparing for Cold Weather Sailing

Photo credit Mustang Survival

As the temperatures drop, fair-weather boaters break out the shrinkwrap and put their vessels to sleep for the winter. The heartier among us know that there’s still some great sailing and boating to do, provided one prepares for the elements. Late October and early November are prime times for checking out the leaves on the Atlantic coasts of the U.S. and Canada and on the Great Lakes. The waters are also much less crowded than during a busy summer season.

We checked in with Capt. Dasiel Molina of the South Portland Sailing Center in Maine and he gave us guidelines to use when getting ready to head out on the water in cooler temperatures.

The Vessel
For the boat, start by checking for leaks. This includes inspecting and sealing all hatches, ports and seams to prevent water intrusion. Condensation can be a big concern in cold weather because it can lead to damp conditions inside the boat. To prevent condensation, install and/or maintain proper ventilation systems like Dorade vents. Make sure the boat has adequate insulation in the hull and cabin. Use foam or insulating panels to help retain warmth and reduce condensation on cold surfaces.

Check battery and power systems often. Cold weather drains batteries faster, so ensure that your boat’s power system is functioning well. Bring backup batteries for essential electronics.

For wet foul weather gear, establish a designated, well ventilated drying area. A drying locker or space with good air flow can help avoid dampness belowdecks. A reliable heating system that produces dry heat like a diesel heater or vented propane system can help keep the cabin dry and cozy. Avoid unvented heaters that can create moisture or be a carbon monoxide hazard.

On deck, keep surfaces free of clutter and keep lines organized and protected from freezing. Make sure crew members know that walking surfaces can freeze. Keep some salt or sand handy for extreme situations. A mallet is handy to clear frozen lines, hatches or winches.

To improve safety for crew members, install sturdy jacklines and harnesses along the length of the boat and ensure that harness points are strategically placed, especially at the bow and stern. Also, ensure that good handholds and toe rails are available, particularly in high-traffic areas like the cockpit, bow and mast. This provides a secure grip when conditions are rough. To minimize the crew’s exposure to extreme weather, pre-set lines and equipment to minimize time spent on deck. Organize gear so that it’s easy to access without needing to work outside in bad conditions.

Double-check the rigging and ensure everything is in top shape. It’s also a good idea to have backup gear like sheets and halyards for sailboats and filters for powerboats.

The Crew
For personal gear, layering is the way to go for clothing. Merino wool is good for base and mid-layers. Consider a synthetic puffy jacket or knitted wool over a mid-layer when temperatures get frigid.

If you to sail frequently in cold weather, invest in quality waterproof and windproof foul weather gear including jackets and pants to stay dry and warm in heavy rain or spray. Waterproof insulated gloves and boots are also essential. Make sure boots have a good tread on the bottom.

Any part of the body exposed to cold wind can make you feel chilled. Neck gaiters and face protection like a balaclava will keep you warm and dry.

A down jacket may feel cozy when it’s dry, but problems arise if it gets wet. Synthetic insulation is better for sailing because it retains warmth even when damp. A warm, windproof hat or beanie is essential to maintain body heat because a significant amount of heat is lost through the head.

If you’re going to be eating on board, hot, hearty meals like stews, soups, and pasta can boost crew morale and provide the necessary calories to combat the cold. Prep meals ahead of time that can be reheated quickly to minimize time spent cooking. Instant meals or freeze-dried options work well. Cold temperatures require higher caloric intake, so make sure to have snacks readily available. High-energy bars, nuts, and dried fruits are ideal for quick snacks.

Cold weather can reduce the sense of thirst, but it’s essential to stay hydrated. Hot drinks like tea or broth can keep spirits up and provide warmth.

As you should on any voyage, monitor weather closely. In cold conditions, the weather can change quickly, and cold fronts can bring dangerous conditions. Have a solid plan for rapid changes.

Plan for emergencies, too, by stocking the boat with emergency blankets, a first-aid kit, and survival gear in case of hypothermia or other cold-related incidents.

Finally, cold weather can sap energy faster than expected. Take breaks, stay warm, and watch for signs of hypothermia among crew members.

By Eric Colby